Difference between place and space de certeau

As the story continues, the narrative structures unfold to be spatial syntaxes that take the reader along on a tour through the metropolis. In this paper I will argue to what degree texts about the London Tube as well as the London Underground maps can be considered a way of organizing the space of London. First of all, I want to give a short introduction on spatial theory and a definition of the concept of spatial stories. Moreover, I will discuss the different representation of London within the two texts.

Finally, I want to examine to what degree London Underground maps can be considered a way of organizing the space of the city. Influential spatial thinkers as Walter Benjamin, Michel de Certeau and Edward Soja reformulated the ways in which space is understood and practiced.

Thus space is composed of intersections of mobile elements. To de Certeau space represents a practiced place. He concludes, that a laid out street is transformed into a certain space by people walking them. Moreover, he tries to outline the unconscious navigation of the city stroller starting with the city streets to literary texts.

To him, walking — just as speaking or writing — is a space of enunciation. Moreover, when walking the streets of a city, the flaneur reorganizes spatial possibilities as there is crossing and drifting involved. The city stroller maps the space of the city and at the same time offers us a single urban experience. Relating to narratives, the story teller or character therefore often creates a new cityscape since it is only certain elements of the city that are included in the spatial stories.

According to de Certeau, a spatial story is a story that offers many links between places and people. These links are created through walking, as a city stroller, for example, explores time and space. Moreover, a spatial story can possibly include public concerns and private fantasies as well as past events or future imaginings. A spatial story about a walk through the city might explore the city itself and yet at the same time creates a new or subjective or unrealistic one: it includes only a limited number of city features but adds various private perceptions.

Contemporary Spatial Stories about the London Underground There are various ways of representing spaces and places of London. Either through pictures or movies, texts or oral statements. The following narrative texts display a small section of London: its Underground. It begins with the I-narrator standing outside of an Underground station near Mill Lane, looking at different shops, thinking about the way it used to look around there.

Then he or she enters the Underground station and gets on a train. It is the Jubilee Line. While travelling she remembers things that people once mentioned about places and life in London, sometimes arguing whether they were right about them or not. Everyone gets out. Wanting to visit one gallery, or both, the narrator walks to Trafalgar Square. A space exists when one takes into consideration vectors of direction, velocities, and time variables. Thus space is composed of intersections of mobile elements.

It is in a sense actuated by the ensemble of movements deployed within it. Space occurs, as the effect produced by the operations that orient it, situate it, temporalize it, and make it function in a polyvalent unity of conflictual programs or contractual proximities. On this view, in relation to place, space is like the word when it is spoken…In short, space is a practiced place.

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It implies an indication of stability. A space exists when one takes into consideration vectors of direction, velocities and time variables. Thus space is composed of intersections of mobile elements. It is in a sense actuated by the ensemble of movements deployed within it. Space occurs as the effect produced by the operations that orient it, situate it, temporalize it, and make it function in a polyvalent unity of conflictual programmes or contractual proximities.

On this view n relation to place, space is like the word when it is spoken, that is, when it is caught in the. In contradistinction to the place, it has thus none of the univocity or stability of a 'proper'. In short, space is a practiced place.

Thus the street geometrically defined by urban planning is transformed into a space by walkers. In the same way, an act of reading is the space produced by the practice of a particular place: a written text, i. Merleau-Ponty distinguished a 'geometrical' space 'a homogeneous and isotropic spatiality', analogous to our 'place' from another 'spatiality' which he called an 'anthropological space'.

This distinction depended on a distinct problematic, which sought. This experiehce is a relation to the world; in dreams and in perception, and because it probably precedes their differentiation, it expresses 'the same essential structure of our being as a being situated in relationship to a milieu' - being situated by a desire, indissociable from a 'direction of existence' and implanted in the space of a landscape.

Mendoza echoes the same sentiments as he constructs his argument around the notion of a lived space that is related to place and argues that lived space is related to place primarily because place assumes meaning only in connection with human beings and therefore representations of place are representations of lived experience which translates to lived space.

Place, according to Tuan, "incarnates the experiences and aspirations of a people" Tuan's assertion connects to the analogy by Mendoza who concludes his argument on lived space by arguing that place is not bounded but dynamic and fluid, and identities formed in places also continually undergo the process of construction and reformulation Mendoza Mendoza also introduces the phrase, "sense of place" as an analytical concept in the discussion of space and argues that sense of place characterises place as a social construct and transforms place into space "as a result of the actions and experiences of the individuals" Massey para 27 extends this approach, arguing that, contrary to fixity, space should be seen as "the simultaneity of stories-so-far".

In her conception, space is incomplete and in a state of continuous production. Massey's assertion is both enlightening and challenging, and implores a new way of looking at space as an arena with no finite point but in continual flux. Perhaps, more important is de Certeau's insertion of mobility as integral to his articulation of the distinction between place and space. He argues, A space exists when one takes into consideration vectors of direction, velocities, and time variables. Thus, space is composed of intersections of mobile elements.

It is in a sense actuated by the ensemble of movements deployed within it. Space occurs as the effect produced by the operations that orient it, situate it, 30 temporalize it, and make it function in a polyvalent unity of conflictual programs or contractual proximities. Michel de Certeau The preceding passage by de Certeau casts movement as an important element in operationalising space.

In chapter six of this thesis, I discuss the mobility of migrants as a tactic in the city and a response to the regulatory platforms of the city of Johannesburg and other elements within the environment where migrants live. I draw on de Certeau's usage of tactics to engage the mobility of migrants across space.

More importantly, de Certeau's analogy of space enables the operation of migrants and the appropriation of sections of the city into spaces that represent the aspirations of the migrants.